Framing & carpentry

Studs, joists, rafters and trusses; roof geometry from ridge to birdsmouth — common, hip, valley, gambrel, mansard and dormer; engineered products from I-joists to glulam and CLT; sheathing and its nailing; and the modifiers timber design turns on, including load duration, char depth and cross-grain shrinkage.

Cutting or counting. A cutlist calculator wants geometry — pitch, span, overhang — and gives you lengths and angles to mark out. A sizing calculator wants load and span and gives you a member that works. Roof framing lives here rather than under roofing because it is the carpenter's work, not the roofer's.

What goes on top of the rafters — coverings, underlayment and flashing are roofing — and the light-gauge steel version of the same framing, which is under structural steel.