The Quote Comes Back With Two Prices On It
The takeoff went out as one number — a shade over a thousand square feet of stone across a two-storey front, a porch return and a wrapped chimney — and the quote comes back split in two. Flats by the square foot on one line, corners by the linear foot on the next, and the corner line is somewhere between a fifth and a third of the money on an elevation where the corners account for well under a fifth of what anyone standing in the street would call the stone. Nothing has gone wrong at the yard. Manufactured stone is two products travelling under one order number, sold in two units that do not divide into each other, and which of them a given square of wall belongs to was settled by the plan long before a box was opened.
The price difference is not a markup on a captive item. A flat is cast face down in a rubber mould with a back nobody will ever see, and it is demoulded, cured and boxed in volume. A corner unit is cast with two finished faces meeting at a return, which takes a more complicated mould, more of the pigmented face mix per unit of coverage, a slower demould, and a much harder cull — the return has to read as though the stone carried on around the arris, and anything that does not is scrap. Convert a linear foot of corner into the area it genuinely covers and the rate lands at roughly twice the flat rate, which is about what the extra mould time and the rejection rate cost to produce.
Two things follow for the estimator. Accuracy per foot on the corner run is worth about twice what it is worth on the field, so the corners deserve the careful pass and the flats can carry the rounding. And the two quantities are not independent — every corner unit stands where a flat would otherwise have gone, so measuring both at full value buys the same wall twice. Everything else here is ordinary adhered cladding work; the split at the arris is what is specific to it, and it is what strands a crew at the third lift waiting on a corner box with a four-week lead time.
Every Linear Foot of Corner Takes Flat Area With It
A corner unit is an L in plan, with a long leg and a short leg, and it goes up the arris with those legs alternating so the vertical joints on the two elevations never stack over one another. Because they alternate, no single piece has a fixed height you can divide the corner into. What the manufacturer publishes instead is an average linear coverage per unit, measured over a run long enough for the long/short alternation to average out, and that rate is a property of the product rather than of the trade. Two profiles from the same maker will differ; two makers will differ more. Take it off the coverage sheet for the item you are actually buying.
Each of those legs occupies face area on two walls at once, which is why the coverage tables also publish a deduction against the flats. It is commonly quoted in the order of half a square foot of flat coverage credited for every linear foot of corner, though it moves with the leg lengths of the profile and it belongs to the product, not to a rule of thumb. On the wrapped chimney above, sixty linear feet of corner takes something like thirty square feet off the flat order. On a house with returned reveals at every opening, a bay and a pair of pilasters, the same deduction runs into the hundreds of square feet — enough to be the difference between a clean order and a pallet of stone the client has paid to store.
Over-ordering flats is only expensive. Under-ordering corners stops the wall, because corners cannot be improvised. A mitre cut from two flats leaves an arris of unreinforced face mix that chips the first time a ladder foot touches it, shows its uncoloured core along the cut, and from three feet away reads as a different stone — which is why several manufacturers exclude field-mitred corners from their warranty. There is no equivalent problem the other way: a flat can always be cut down.
So measure corners corner by corner, vertically, and never as one lumped total. An outside corner that dies into a soffit is a different length from one that runs out to a gable rake, and a chimney typically has four of them at four different heights. Count anything that turns and shows a finished edge — reveal returns, pilaster faces, the ends of a wing wall, the outside of a porch pier. Inside corners are the exception that flatters the price: they are formed with flats butted into the angle and consume no corner units whatever, which is why a plan full of re-entrant geometry can look corner-heavy on the elevation and come in cheap on the quote.
| Line on the quote | Sold and boxed by | What it does to the other line |
|---|---|---|
| Corner units | Linear foot of arris, boxed in a quantity that does not divide into the flat carton | Consumes flat area on both faces, so it carries a published deduction against the field order |
| Flat units | Square foot of face area, boxed by the square foot at a stated joint width | Absorbs the corner deduction and all the cutting waste; nothing about it can produce a corner |
| Sills, caps and hearth stones | The piece, or the linear foot, in lengths that are usually fixed | Comes out of neither area — count it off the drawing as its own schedule or it will be missed |
| Setting and pointing mortar | The bag, against a coverage rate the mortar maker publishes | Tracks joint width and profile depth, so the joint style chosen for looks changes this quantity |
Total the corner heights elevation by elevation and put them through the product's own average linear coverage — the count that matters on the ground is units per corner, because that is what runs out first.
The total number of outside corners to be covered with corner units.
The height of the wall at each corner.
The average vertical coverage of each alternating long/short corner unit.
Corner units needed
62 corner units
- Total corner height to cover
- 40 ft
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Manufactured Stone Veneer Corner Unit Calculator: 62 corner units — shown in imperial, US market. The link sets both, so the result they see is the one on your screen.
Estimated cost — your price
This site holds no price list for this material — local prices vary too much to publish honestly. Enter your supplier's price and the result is costed with it.
What this calculation does not cover
- Corner units are sold by the linear foot in cartons, not as loose pieces, so this figure has to be taken up to whole boxes before anything can be ordered — and corners are the pieces that break in transit and get cut down at the top course, with no allowance here for either. Manufactured stone is made in color batches too, and the carton fetched a fortnight later to finish a corner lands in a single vertical line where a mismatch is on show.
- Every linear foot of corner unit covers flat wall as well as corner: the long leg wraps roughly 150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in) onto each face, commonly about 0.5 sq ft (0.05 m²) of flat coverage per linear foot of corner. That has to come off the field stone quantity, or the same area is bought twice — once as the expensive corner SKU and once as flats.
Reading One Elevation Into Two Columns
Work the elevation twice rather than once. The first pass is gross face area by rectangle and triangle, taken to the actual veneer line rather than to the wall line, because the stone stops short at soffits, at rooflines and at grade by clearances that are set for it. The second pass is the corner run, which is a set of vertical measurements that happen to sit on the same drawing. Only when both are written down do you net the corner deduction out of the flats — do it in the middle of the area take and it will be applied twice or not at all.
Openings want a convention chosen once and applied consistently. Deducting every opening at gross size understates the order, because the reveal returns around it are veneered and the sill and head cuts generate waste that has to come from somewhere; deducting nothing overstates it on a wall that is mostly glass. The usual compromise is to deduct openings above a threshold size at net area, leave the small ones in the field as their own waste allowance, then add the reveal returns back as corner run or flat area depending on the detail. Write the convention down, because whoever checks the delivery note will otherwise reconstruct a different one.
Waste allowances split by product too. Flats absorb every cut in the wall and want the larger allowance, more on a cut-up elevation with dormers and skewed rakes than on a plain gable. Corners are barely ever cut, but their cushion belongs in whole boxes rather than in percent, because a corner run finishing one piece short is a return trip and a blend mismatch rather than a trim.
- Measure gross face area to the veneer line, not the wall line, allowing for the base and roofline clearances the stone has to keep.
- Apply your opening rule once and note it on the sheet: which openings were deducted, at what size.
- Measure each outside corner as its own vertical run, top of veneer down to the screed line.
- Add reveal returns, pier faces and wing wall ends to the corner column, and leave inside corners out of it entirely.
- Net the published corner deduction out of the flat area, once, after both columns are complete.
- Add waste as a percentage to flats and as whole boxes to corners, then round each to the packed quantity.
- Schedule sills, caps and hearths separately by the piece, since they come out of neither column.
What the Stone Is Actually Hanging From
Adhered veneer earns its name from a bond line, not from a fixing. There are no anchors and no shelf angle; every unit is held by mortar to a scratch coat, and that scratch coat is held by lath to the structure. The adhered veneer provisions of TMS 402/602 Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures are what separate this assembly from anchored veneer, and they do it by capping the unit — its thickness, its face dimension and its installed weight — so that a bonded assembly is a defensible way to carry it. ASTM C1670/C1670M Standard Specification for Adhered Manufactured Stone Masonry Veneer Units covers the units themselves, including their freeze-thaw durability, and ASTM C1780 Standard Practice for Installation Methods for Adhered Manufactured Stone Masonry Veneer Units covers how they go on. Between them they also set the required shear bond, which is established by test rather than assumed from good workmanship.
Over wood-framed construction the layers behind the lath are where this assembly is most often built wrong, because another trade finished them before the mason arrived. The stone and its mortar are not a water barrier; the wall drains behind them, and the drainage plane is the water-resistive barrier. Over wood-based sheathing the codes and the MVMA Installation Guide and Detailing Options for Compliant Adhered Manufactured Stone Veneer call for more than a single layer — the second acts as a bond break, so the scratch coat, which grips wet paper enthusiastically, cannot weld the drainage plane to the back of the veneer and close it. Whether the specified barrier is Grade D building paper to Federal Specification UU-B-790a, a sheet product to ASTM E2556 or a fluid-applied membrane with its own evaluation report, the laps still run downward like shingles and the openings are still flashed before the lath goes near them.
Lath is the mechanical half of the assembly and it is bought by the sheet. ASTM C1063 Standard Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furring to Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-Based Plaster governs how it is hung: the weight of lath, the self-furring dimple or the furred fastener that holds it off the barrier so plaster can key behind it, the direction the cups face, the fastener spacing into framing rather than into sheathing alone, and the laps at sheets and at corners. Expanded metal lath is specified to ASTM C847 Standard Specification for Metal Lath and woven wire base to ASTM C1032 Standard Specification for Woven Wire Plaster Base. Lath that is laid on rather than furred off produces a scratch coat with no key, and a scratch coat with no key is the failure that arrives as a whole panel of stone on the ground rather than as a stain on a ceiling.
The scratch coat itself is portland cement plaster and behaves like it. ASTM C926 Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based Plaster sets the nominal thickness and the curing, and the coat has to be combed horizontally while it is still plastic — combed, not floated smooth, because the grooves are the mechanical grip the setting bed relies on. Then it has to cure damp before anything is stuck to it. A scratch coat rushed in hot weather loses its water to the sun and the substrate instead of to hydration, and stone set onto it is bonded to a skin of dust.
How an adhered stone wall is built up
- Stone units, flats and corners — two products on one order, one sold by the square foot of face and the other by the linear foot of arris Manufactured Stone Veneer Corner Unit Calculator
- Mortar setting bed — buttered onto the back of every unit and squeezed to a full bed, so its volume follows the profile depth of the stone Manufactured Stone Veneer Mortar Coverage Calculator
- Combed scratch coat — cement plaster scored horizontally while plastic, because the grooves are the key the setting bed grips Manufactured Stone Veneer Mortar Coverage Calculator
- Self-furring metal lath — held clear of the barrier so plaster keys behind it, fastened into framing rather than into sheathing alone Stucco Lath Calculator
- Water-resistive barrier, lapped — the drainage plane the veneer is not, run in more than one layer so the scratch coat cannot bond it shut House Wrap Calculator
- Sheathed stud wall — takes every lath fastener and the whole installed weight of the veneer through the bond line above it Plywood and OSB Sheet Calculator (Subfloor, Wall and Roof)
Lath is bought by the sheet against the same elevation area as the stone, and the laps at every sheet edge and every corner mean the sheet count never falls out of a clean division.
The total exterior wall area to be stuccoed.
Lath sheets needed
27 sheets
- Area to cover (with overlap allowance)
- 473 sq ft
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Stucco Lath Calculator: 27 sheets — shown in imperial, US market. The link sets both, so the result they see is the one on your screen.
Estimated cost — your price
This site holds no price list for this material — local prices vary too much to publish honestly. Enter your supplier's price and the result is costed with it.
What this calculation does not cover
- The overlap allowance is a flat ten per cent applied to the area before any sheet is laid out, so it stands in for laps instead of deriving them from the 27 by 96 inch (686 by 2,438 mm) sheet — a wall broken up by openings, bays or a stepped foundation throws off far more cut sheets and unusable offcuts than one multiplier can cover.
- Rounding to whole sheets happens once, on the single combined area you enter, which quietly assumes offcuts travel from one elevation to the next; price each elevation separately and the same building normally lands a sheet or two higher.
- Sheet size is fixed in the code at 18 square feet (1.7 m²) and cannot be changed, so lath supplied in other panel sizes, in rolls, or as a paper-backed product with a different useful width will not divide into the count shown.
- Only area feeds the division, so a heavy self-furring diamond mesh and the lightest flat mesh return exactly the same number of sheets — the figure says how much wall gets covered, never whether the lath chosen suits the substrate, the exposure or the coats going over it.
- Nothing beyond the sheets is counted: the nails, staples or tie wire that fix lath at every support, the furring that holds unfurred mesh off the sheathing, and the terminations it runs into — weep screed, casing beads, corner aid, control joints — are all separate orders this number does not reach.
- The area is taken exactly as typed, so whether jambs, soffits and returns are inside it was decided before the page saw the number, and the arithmetic has no way to add back lath wrapped into a reveal or carried past an external angle.
The Bottom Edge Is Hardware, Not a Line
Where the veneer stops at the base of the wall, something has to terminate the lath, terminate the scratch coat, hold the barrier down over it and let water that got behind the stone out again. That is the weep screed, and it is a bought item with a length, not a detail somebody trims on the day. It runs continuously along the base of every veneered face, it is lapped at splices rather than butted, and it is ordered by perimeter with an allowance for those laps and for the offcuts that every change of direction produces.
Its height above the ground is set by code and is one of the details an inspector will actually measure. The residential provisions place the screed at or below the foundation plate line and require a clearance beneath it — the familiar figures are four inches above earth and two inches above paving, and the adopted edition and any local amendment govern which applies. That clearance is not a suggestion about splashback; it is what stops the veneer wicking ground moisture into a bond line that has no drainage behind it. The same thinking gives the stone a clearance where it meets a roof surface, a deck or a walking surface at the top of a run, and the MVMA guide details each of those terminations.
The screed goes on before the barrier, so the barrier laps over its upper flange and drains onto it rather than behind it, and the lath stops above it rather than running down into it. Both of those are invisible the moment the scratch coat is on. Photograph the screed line on each elevation with a tape in shot, because the base of a stone wall is where a moisture complaint gets investigated first and where the evidence disappears earliest.
Run the base perimeter of every veneered face through this before the order goes in, since screed is the item that turns up short on the last elevation and is not worth a second delivery.
SettingsSettings for this calculation
Waste is set to 5% by hand. Pick a tier above to replace it, or keep your own figure.
The total perimeter of the wall base receiving stone veneer.
Extra material to allow for cut waste and overlaps at corners and splices.
Weep screed needed
157.5 ft
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Stone Veneer Weep Screed Linear Footage Calculator: 157 ft — shown in imperial, US market. The link sets both, so the result they see is the one on your screen.
Estimated cost — your price
This site holds no price list for this material — local prices vary too much to publish honestly. Enter your supplier's price and the result is costed with it.
What this calculation does not cover
- Length is all this settles; where the screed sits is a code rule it never sees. The IRC puts the weep screed at or below the foundation plate line and a minimum of 100 mm (4 in) above earth or 50 mm (2 in) above paving, with the water-resistive barrier lapped OVER its nailing flange. Set it lower than that, or run the barrier behind the flange, and the drainage path this component exists to create runs water into the wall rather than out of it.
- The perimeter is a plan measurement and the screed follows the ground. On a sloping site or a stepped foundation the base line steps down with the footings, and every step is an extra cut, a lap and a closure; the same applies where the run rises over a garage door head or crosses a porch roof. A length taken off the floor plan is short on any elevation that does not sit on one level.
Mortar Is Bought Three Separate Times
Ask for the mortar quantity on a stone job and you will get one number, which is almost always wrong because the wall consumes mortar in three distinct places with three different rates. The scratch coat covers the full elevation at a plaster thickness. The setting bed goes on the back of every unit and is squeezed out to a full bed. The pointing mortar fills whatever joint the design leaves between units, which on some walls is most of the visible surface and on others is nothing at all. Ordering them as one lump means one of the three is short, and the one that is short is nearly always the last one, because it is the one that gets estimated after the crew is tired.
The scratch coat is the predictable one: elevation area at the nominal thickness ASTM C926 sets, plus what the lath itself swallows before the plane closes, which is not trivial with heavier lath. Job-mixed material is proportioned to ASTM C270 Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry; preblended dry material falls under ASTM C1714/C1714M Standard Specification for Preblended Dry Mortar Mix for Unit Masonry and arrives with its own published yield. Use the yield the bag prints, because it and a generic figure can differ by more than the waste allowance you were arguing about.
The setting bed is where profile depth does the damage. Manufactured stone is cast from a mould taken off real rock, so the back of a unit is not flat and the units in one box are not all the same depth. The bed has to be thick enough that pressing the unit home squeezes mortar out around every edge — a bed that only touches high spots is a piece hanging on three contact points, and it will come off in a frost. A deep-profile ledgestone therefore takes noticeably more setting mortar per square foot than a flat-backed brick-shaped product, and the average bed thickness is the input that carries that difference into the quantity.
Pointing is a design decision with a materials consequence. A grouted joint at a stated width, struck or raked, adds a volume that follows joint width and depth across the whole wall, and it will not be small: a wide-jointed random ashlar can put a fifth of the face area into mortar. Deep raking takes more mortar still, since it has to be filled before it is raked back out. Both are recoverable in the estimate if the joint style is settled before the order, and neither is once the crew is pointing on a Friday afternoon.
Weather governs all three. The cold- and hot-weather construction articles of TMS 602 apply here as to any other unit masonry, and both ends of the range bite: mortar that freezes before it gains strength has no bond, and mortar that flashes off in the sun has none either. Below the temperature the mortar maker names, the wall wants heat and cover, not accelerator. And when it comes to cleaning, remember the stone is coloured concrete — manufacturers' literature prohibits acid washing and, on most products, pressure washing, since either strips the pigmented face and leaves a wall that reads grey from the street.
| Where it goes | What drives the quantity | How it goes wrong |
|---|---|---|
| Scratch coat over lath | Elevation area at the nominal plaster thickness, plus what the lath absorbs | Floated smooth instead of combed, or cured dry, leaving no key for the bed above |
| Setting bed behind each unit | Face area multiplied by the average bed thickness the profile depth demands | A thin bed touching only the high spots on a moulded back, so the unit hangs on three points |
| Pointing between units | Joint width and rake depth across the whole wall, set by the chosen joint style | Estimated last, after the joint style changed from tight to wide during a site visit |
Take the scratch coat and setting bed together as an average thickness over the elevation you are about to build, then price pointing separately once the joint width is actually settled.
The total wall area to receive manufactured stone veneer.
The average combined thickness of the scratch coat and setting bed.
Mortar volume needed
268.1 gal
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Manufactured Stone Veneer Mortar Coverage Calculator: 268 gal — shown in imperial, US market. The link sets both, so the result they see is the one on your screen.
Estimated cost — your price
This site holds no price list for this material — local prices vary too much to publish honestly. Enter your supplier's price and the result is costed with it.
What this calculation does not cover
- This is the bed under the stone, and on an adhered veneer that is not all the mortar. Most manufacturers require every unit to be back-buttered — a full coat troweled onto the back of the stone before it is pressed home, so no void is left behind it — which is a second application over the same wall area. Buy to the setting-bed figure alone and the order can be short by a third or more.
- Liters of placed mortar is not bags of product. A pre-blended veneer mortar yields roughly 12 to 15 liters (3.2 to 4 gal) of mixed material per 25 kg (55 lb) bag once gauged with water, and a site mix has to be converted through its cement-to-sand ratio, so this volume still needs the yield printed on the bag before anyone can count pallets.
Corners First, and Never Two Long Legs Stacked
The setting sequence follows the same logic as the order sheet: the constrained product goes on first. Corners are laid from the bottom of the arris upward with the long and short legs alternating, so that the vertical joint on the front elevation and the vertical joint on the side elevation step past each other instead of lining up into a single seam running the height of the building. Two long legs stacked is the mistake that is visible from across the road and invisible from the scaffold, and by the time anyone notices there are eight courses of flats butted into it.
Once a corner is up, the flats are worked into it rather than the other way round, because the flat is the piece that can be cut. Blend as you go from three or four open boxes, since a wall laid box by box comes out in visible bands. Set the heaviest pieces low, hold the joint width consistent enough that pointing is one operation rather than a rescue, and keep every unit off the ground: a piece with dirt on its back has no bond.
- Damp the cured scratch coat before setting, so it does not pull water out of the bed the moment the unit touches it.
- Set the corners on each elevation first, alternating long and short legs up the arris.
- Butter the full back of each unit to a bed thick enough that pressing it home squeezes mortar out on all four edges.
- Work the flats into the corners, blending from several open boxes and setting the heaviest pieces at the bottom.
- Leave squeeze-out on the face alone until it has stiffened to a crumb, then take it off dry with a whisk brush — wet wiping grinds cement into a porous face and stains it for good.
- Point the joints once the setting mortar has taken up, then rake and brush to the agreed profile.
- Keep cutting wet or on extraction and respect OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1153, because this stone is concrete and cutting it dry produces respirable silica.
A Dry-Stack Wall Changes Both Columns
Dry-stack, tight-fit, mortarless — whatever the product line calls it — is a joint style, not a different installation. The units are still set in a full bed on a scratch coat; they are simply fitted close enough that no joint is pointed afterwards. That single change moves both halves of the estimate at once, in opposite directions. Pointing mortar drops out almost entirely. Flats coverage falls, because the published square footage per box assumed a joint width that is no longer there, and a box that covered ten square feet with a half-inch joint covers meaningfully less when the pieces are butted.
Waste goes up as well, and not by a percentage anyone can guess in advance. A tight-fit wall is built by selecting and trimming pieces until they sit, which means more offcuts, more rejected units and more time per square foot. The corners are the exception again: they are set to their own coverage rate regardless of joint style, so the corner column barely moves while the flat column climbs. That is the one situation where the ratio between the two lines on the quote genuinely shifts, and it is worth re-running before agreeing a price rather than after.
The other consequence is a detailing one. With no pointing, the only thing between the weather and the setting bed is the fit between two pieces of cast concrete, so the drainage plane behind works harder than on a grouted wall and the movement joints matter more. Adhered veneer over a framed wall moves with the frame, and its joints go where a cement plaster wall would want them — storey lines, changes of substrate, and the reveal corners of large openings, which is where cracking starts on any thin cement-based skin. Settle those positions on the elevation drawing, because a joint drawn afterwards through coursed stone is a saw cut and a poor one.
The Reorder Is the Expensive Delivery
All of the above is aimed at one outcome: not placing a second order. Manufactured stone is pigmented through a face mix in production batches, and a batch made three weeks later against the same product code sits inside the maker's published tolerance and still looks different beside the first on a north wall in flat light. That is a tolerance, not a defect, and no supplier will take it back. A wall patched from a later run announces where the first order ran out.
The corner line is where that risk concentrates. Flats can be stretched — a run laid slightly tighter, a lower course fed from offcuts, a return dropped by a course — and the wall still reads as one wall. There is no equivalent slack in the corner run, because the arris is continuous and every piece on it is visible from two directions at once. That is why the corner quantity is worth the second pass, why it gets rounded up to the box rather than to a percentage, and why it is worth carrying one spare box of corners on a job with several chimneys and returns even though it is the most expensive stone on the pallet to have left over.
Keep the paperwork that lets someone else answer the question later. Note the product name, the profile, the batch or run reference off the boxes, the barrier and lath products that went on behind, and which elevation each was used on. Note the joint style and width you priced. An adhered veneer is a bonded assembly whose whole working half is under the stone by the time the scaffold comes down, and the first person asked why a panel came off in year six will be working either from that record or from a hammer.
The two-column order sheet
Every line here belongs to one column or the other, and the two only reconcile once. Fill it in before the quote is accepted, while the split between corners and flats is still an estimate rather than a delivery note.
- Corner run measured vertically, corner by corner, at the product's own coverage rate — Chimneys, reveal returns, pier faces and wing wall ends all belong here. Inside corners do not — they are formed with flats and consume no corner units at all.
- Flat area netted once against the published corner deduction — The deduction is real coverage credited back, commonly in the order of half a square foot per linear foot of corner. Apply it after both columns are complete, never during the area take.
- Waste as a percentage on flats and as whole boxes on corners — Flats absorb every cut in the wall. Corners are rarely cut but cannot be improvised, so a run that finishes one piece short is a second delivery from a different production batch.
- Mortar split three ways: scratch coat, setting bed, pointing — Different rates, different drivers. Profile depth drives the bed, joint width and rake depth drive the pointing, and the bag's own printed yield beats any generic figure.
- Lath, barrier and weep screed measured off the same elevations — Lath by the sheet with laps allowed, barrier in the number of layers the substrate calls for, screed by base perimeter with splice laps and corner offcuts included.
- Sills, caps, hearths and movement joint positions scheduled separately — None of these fall out of an area or a perimeter. Put the joint positions on the elevation drawing before setting out, because a joint cut afterwards through coursed stone is a saw cut.
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