Carbon, recycling & stormwater

Embodied carbon in concrete and across structural alternatives, operational carbon from grid electricity, recycled-content value for a rating credit, construction and demolition waste diverted from landfill, fly ash and silica fume substitution in a mix, greywater cistern inflow, and the storage, drawdown time and drainage layers of permeable paving and green roofs.

Where the boundary of the sum is drawn, because most disagreements about these numbers are disagreements about scope rather than arithmetic. A cradle-to-gate carbon figure and a whole-life one describe different things; a diversion rate by weight and one by volume rank the same skip differently; a reservoir's storage depends on whether its base infiltrates. Every emission factor here is an input you can overwrite, since the spread between two suppliers of nominally identical products routinely exceeds the saving being claimed.

Energy modelling of a whole building, the scheme's own assessment and certification, and stormwater design beyond a single storage element, which belongs to the drainage engineer.